• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    An intermediate transfer member having a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidelayer which exhibits controlled conductivity is disclosed, and in embodiments, thefluorinated carbon filled polyimide layer is a substrate having an optional intermediateconformable layer thereon, and having on the intermediate layer, an optional outerrelease layer.
    公开号:EP0899626A1
    申请号:EP98113192
    申请日:1998-07-15
    公开日:1999-03-03
    发明作者:Ihor W. Tarnawskyj；Joseph Mammino；Frederick E. Knier Jr.；Kock-Yee Law；Martin A. Abkowitz；Robert M. Ferguson
    申请人:Xerox Corp；
    IPC主号:G03G15-00
    专利说明:
    [0001] The present invention relates to intermediate transfer members, and morespecifically, to intermediate transfer members useful in transferring a developed imagein an electrostatographic, especially xerographic, including digital, machine orapparatus. In embodiments of the present invention, there are selected intermediatetransfer members comprising a layer or substrate comprising a filled polymer, preferablya filled polyimide, and particularly preferred a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide. Inembodiments, the present invention allows for the preparation and manufacture ofintermediate transfer members with excellent electrical, chemical and mechanicalproperties, including controlled resistivity in a desired resistivity range and excellentconformability. Moreover, the intermediate transfer members herein, in embodiments,allow for high transfer efficiencies to and from intermediates even for full color imagesand can be useful in both dry and liquid toner development systems.
    [0002] In a typical electrostatographic reproducing apparatus, a light image of an originalto be copied is recorded in the form of an electrostatic latent image upon aphotosensitive member and the latent image is subsequently rendered visible by theapplication of electroscopic thermoplastic resin particles which are commonly referred toas toner. Generally, the electrostatic latent image is developed by bringing a developermixture into contact therewith. The developer mixture can comprise a dry developermixture which usually comprises carrier granules having toner particles adheringtriboelectrically thereto, or a liquid developer material which may include a liquid carrierhaving toner particles dispersed therein. The developer material is advanced intocontact with the electrostatic latent image and the toner particles are deposited thereonin image configuration. Subsequently, the developed image is transferred to a copysheet. It is advantageous to transfer the developed image to a coated intermediatetransfer web, belt or component, and subsequently transfer with very high transferefficiency the developed image from the intermediate transfer member to a permanentsubstrate. The toner image is subsequently usually fixed or fused upon a support whichmay be the photosensitive member itself or other support sheet such as plain paper.
    [0003] In electrostatographic printing machines wherein the toner image iselectrostatically transferred by a potential between the imaging member and theintermediate transfer member, the transfer of the toner particles to the intermediate transfer member and the retention thereof should be as complete as possible so that theimage ultimately transferred to the image receiving substrate will have a high resolution.Substantially 100% toner transfer occurs when most or all of the toner particlescomprising the image are transferred and little residual toner remains on the surfacefrom which the image was transferred.
    [0004] Intermediate transfer members allow for positive attributes such as enabling highthroughput at modest process speeds, improving registration of the final color tonerimage in color systems using synchronous development of one or more componentcolors using one or more transfer stations, and increasing the range of final substratesthat can be used. However, a disadvantage of using an intermediate transfer member isthat a plurality of transfer steps is required allowing for the possibility of charge exchangeoccurring between toner particles and the transfer member which ultimately can lead toless than complete toner transfer. The result is low resolution images on the imagereceiving substrate and image deterioration. When the image is in color, the image canadditionally suffer from color shifting and color deterioration. In addition, theincorporation of charging agents in liquid developers, although providing acceptablequality images and acceptable resolution due to improved charging of the toner, canexacerbate the problem of charge exchange between the toner and the intermediatetransfer member.
    [0005] Preferably, the resistivity of the intermediate transfer member is within a preferredrange to allow for sufficient transfer. It is also important that the intermediate transfermember have a controlled resistivity, wherein the resistivity is virtually unaffected bychanges in humidity, temperature, bias field, and operating time. In addition, acontrolled resistivity is important so that a bias field can be established for electrostatictransfer. It is important that the intermediate transfer member not be too conductive asair breakdown can possibly occur.
    [0006] Attempts at controlling the resistivity of intermediate transfer members have beenaccomplished by, for example, adding conductive fillers such as ionic additives and/orcarbon black to the outer layer. However, there are problems associated with the use ofsuch additives. In particular, undissolved particles frequently bloom or migrate to thesurface of the polymer and cause an imperfection in the polymer. This leads tononuniform resistivity, which in turn, causes poor antistatic properties and poormechanical strength. The ionic additives on the surface may interfere with toner release. Furthermore, bubbles may appear in the conductive polymer, some of which can only beseen with the aid of a microscope, others of which are large enough to be observed withthe naked eye. These bubbles provide the same kind of difficulty as the undissolvedparticles in the polymer, namely poor or nonuniform electrical properties and poormechanical properties.
    [0007] In addition, the ionic additives themselves are sensitive to changes intemperature, humidity, and operating time. These sensitivities often limit the resistivityrange. For example, the resistivity usually decreases by up to two orders of magnitudeor more as the humidity increases from 20% to 80% relative humidity. This effect limitsthe operational or process latitude.
    [0008] Moreover, ion transfer can also occur in these systems. The transfer of ionsleads to charge exchanges and insufficient transfers, which in turn causes low imageresolution and image deterioration, thereby adversely affecting the copy quality. In colorsystems, additional adverse results include color shifting and color deterioration. Iontransfer also increases the resistivity of the polymer member after repetitive use. Thiscan limit the process and operational latitude and eventually the ion-filled polymermember will be unusable.
    [0009] Carbon black particles can impart other specific adverse effects. These carbondispersions are difficult to prepare due to carbon gelling, and the resulting layers maydeform due to gelatin formation. This can lead to an adverse change in theconformability of the intermediate transfer member, which in turn, can lead to insufficienttransfer and poor copy quality, and possible contamination of other machine parts andlater copies.
    [0010] Generally, carbon additives tend to control the resistivities. However, therequired tolerance in the filler loading to achieve the required range of resistivity isextremely narrow. This, along with the large "batch to batch" variation, leads to the needfor extremely tight resistivity control. In addition, carbon filled polymer surfaces havetypically had very poor dielectric strength and sometimes significant resistivitydependence on applied fields. This leads to a compromise in the choice of centerlineresistivity due to the variability in the electrical properties, which in turn, ultimately leadsto a compromise in performance.
    [0011] Therefore, there exists an overall need for an intermediate transfer member foruse in both dry and liquid toner systems, which provides for increased toner transfer efficiency and a decrease in the occurrence of charge exchange. More specifically,there exists a specific need for an intermediate transfer member having controlledresistivity in a desired range to neutralize toner charges, thereby decreasing theoccurrence of charge exchange, increasing image quality and preventing contaminationof other xerographic members. In addition, there exists a specific need for anintermediate transfer member which has an outer surface having the qualities of a stableresistivity in the desired resistivity range and, in embodiments, has improvedconformability and low surface energy properties of the release layer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] The present invention provides, in embodiments, an intermediate transfermember comprising a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate.
    [0013] The present invention further includes, in embodiments, an intermediate transferbelt for transferring a liquid image having at least a liquid carrier with toner or solidparticles dispersed therein from a member to a substrate, comprising a fluorinatedcarbon filled polyimide substrate, and having thereon a fluoroelastomer intermediatelayer, and positioned thereon an outer silicone rubber release layer.
    [0014] In addition, the present invention provides, in embodiments, an apparatus forforming images on a recording medium comprising: a charge-retentive surface toreceive an electrostatic latent image thereon; a development component to apply tonerto said charge-retentive surface to develop said electrostatic latent image and to form adeveloped image on said charge retentive surface; an intermediate transfer member totransfer the developed image from said charge retentive surface to a substrate, whereinsaid intermediate transfer member comprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide layer;and a fixing component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0015] For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be had to theaccompanying figures. Figure 1 is an illustration of a general electrostatographic apparatus. Figure 2 is a schematic view of an image development system containing anintermediate transfer member. Figure 3 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention, wherein a one layerintermediate transfer member comprising a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substratedescribed herein is shown. Figure 4 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, whereinan intermediate transfer member comprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidesubstrate and thereon a releasable conformable layer. Figure 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, whereinan intermediate transfer member comprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidesubstrate having thereon a releasable conformable layer, and on the conformable layer,a toner release layer.
    [0016] The present invention relates to intermediate transfer systems comprisingintermediate transfer members comprising a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidesubstrate.
    [0017] Referring to Figure 1, in a typical electrostatographic reproducing apparatus, alight image of an original to be copied is recorded in the form of an electrostatic latentimage upon a photosensitive member and the latent image is subsequently renderedvisible by the application of electroscopic thermoplastic resin particles which arecommonly referred to as toner. Specifically, photoreceptor 10 is charged on its surfaceby means of a charger 12 to which a voltage has been supplied from power supply 11.The photoreceptor is then imagewise exposed to light from an optical system or animage input apparatus 13, such as a laser and light emitting diode, to form anelectrostatic latent image thereon. Generally, the electrostatic latent image is developedby bringing a developer mixture from developer station 14 into contact therewith.Development can be effected by use of a magnetic brush, powder cloud, or other knowndevelopment process.
    [0018] After the toner particles have been deposited on the photoconductive surface, inimage configuration, they are transferred to a copy sheet 16 by transfer means 15,which can be pressure transfer or electrostatic transfer. Alternatively, the developedimage can be transferred to an intermediate transfer member and subsequentlytransferred to a copy sheet.
    [0019] After the transfer of the developed image is completed, copy sheet 16 advancesto fusing station 19, depicted in Figure 1 as fusing and pressure rolls, wherein thedeveloped image is fused to copy sheet 16 by passing copy sheet 16 between thefusing member 20 and pressure member 21, thereby forming a permanent image. Photoreceptor 10, subsequent to transfer, advances to cleaning station 17, wherein anytoner left on photoreceptor 10 is cleaned therefrom by use of a blade 22 (as shown inFigure 1), brush, or other cleaning apparatus.
    [0020] Figure 2 demonstrates an embodiment of the present invention and depicts anintermediate transfer member 15 positioned between an imaging member 10 and atransfer roller 9. The imaging member 10 is exemplified by a photoreceptor drum.However, other appropriate imaging members may include other electrostatographicimaging receptors such as ionographic belts and drums, electrophotographic belts, andthe like.
    [0021] In the multi-imaging system of Figure 2, each image being transferred is formedon the imaging drum by image forming station 13. Each of these images is thendeveloped at developing station 14 and transferred to intermediate transfer member 15.Each of the images may be formed on the photoreceptor drum 10 and developedsequentially and then transferred to the intermediate transfer member 15. In analternative method, each image may be formed on the photoreceptor drum 10,developed, and transferred in registration to the intermediate transfer member 15. In apreferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-image system is a color copyingsystem. In this color copying system, each color of an image being copied is formed onthe photoreceptor drum 10. Each color image is developed and transferred to theintermediate transfer member 15. In the alternative method, each color of an imagemay be formed on the photoreceptor drum 10, developed, and transferred in registrationto the intermediate transfer member 15.
    [0022] Subsequent to development, the charged toner particles 3 from the developingstation 14 are attracted and held by the photoreceptor drum 10 because thephotoreceptor drum 10 possesses a charge 2 opposite to that of the toner particles 3. InFigure 2, the toner particles are shown as negatively charged and the photoreceptordrum 10 is shown as positively charged. These charges can be reversed, depending onthe nature of the toner and the machinery being used. In a preferred embodiment, thetoner is present in a liquid developer. However, the present invention, in embodiments,is useful for dry development systems also.
    [0023] A biased transfer roller 9 positioned opposite the photoreceptor drum 10 has ahigher voltage than the surface of the photoreceptor drum 10. Biased transfer roller 9charges the backside 6 of intermediate transfer member 15 with a positive charge. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a corona or any other charging mechanismmay be used to charge the backside 6 of the intermediate transfer member 15.
    [0024] The negatively charged toner particles 3 are attracted to the front side 5 of theintermediate transfer member 15 by the positive charge 1 on the backside 6 of theintermediate transfer member 15.
    [0025] The intermediate transfer member may be in the form of a sheet, web or belt as itappears in Figure 2, or in the form of a roller or other suitable shape. In a preferredembodiment of the invention, the intermediate transfer member is in the form of a belt.In another embodiment of the invention, not shown in the Figures, the intermediatetransfer member may be in the form of a sheet.
    [0026] After the toner latent image has been transferred from the photoreceptor drum 10to the intermediate transfer member 15, the intermediate transfer member may becontacted under heat and pressure to an image receiving substrate such as paper. Thetoner image on the intermediate transfer member 15 is then transferred and fixed, inimage configuration, to a substrate such as paper.
    [0027] Figure 3 shows a sectional view of an example of an intermediate transfermember 15 according to an embodiment of the present invention and depicts afluorinated carbon filled polyimide layer 30. The fluorinated carbon fillers 31 aredepicted as being in a dispersed phase in the polyimide material. The intermediatetransfer member 15 can be a single layer as shown in Figure 3, wherein the substratecomprises the fluorinated carbon filled polyimide or it can be several layers, for examplefrom about 2 to about 5, of a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide material.
    [0028] Figure 4 depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the intermediatetransfer member 15 comprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate 30 havingan intermediate releasable conformable layer 32 positioned thereon.
    [0029] Figure 5 depicts an embodiment of the present invention, wherein theintermediate transfer member 15 comprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidesubstrate 30, an intermediate releasable conformable layer 32, and positioned on theintermediate layer is an outer toner release layer 33.
    [0030] The fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate can comprise a polyimidehaving a suitable high tensile modulus, and preferably, the polyimide is one that iscapable of becoming a conductive film upon the addition of electrically conductiveparticles. A polyimide having a high tensile modulus is preferred because the high tensile modulus optimizes the film stretch registration and transfer conformance. Thefluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate has the advantages of improved flex lifeand image registration, chemical stability to liquid developer or toner additives, thermalstability for transfer applications and for improved overcoating manufacturing, improvedsolvent resistance as compared to a number of known materials used for film fortransfer components, and improved electrical properties including a uniform resistivitywithin the desired range.
    [0031] The two layer or three layer configurations which include a conformable layer arepreferred for use in color toner applications. The conformable configuration is preferredfor color in that the conformable surface is able to conform to match the topography orcontour of the surface of the substrate. The image produced on such a conformablesurface, in embodiments, will have complete images, high resolution images, decreasein color shifting and color deterioration, and a decrease in incomplete areas where thetoner is unable to contact the substrate.
    [0032] Specific examples of suitable polyimides useful in the fluorinated carbon filledpolyimide layer include PAI (polyamideimide), PI (polyimide), polyaramide,polyphthalamide, fluorinated polyimides, polyimidesulfone, polyimide ether, and the like.Specific examples are set forth in U.S. Patent 5,037,587, the disclosure of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The polyimide is preferably capable ofexhibiting high mechanical strength, be flexible, and be resistive.
    [0033] The polyimides may be synthesized by prepolymer solutions such as polyamicacid or esters of polyamic acid, or by the reaction of a dianhydride and a diamine.Preferred polyamic acids can be purchased from E.I. DuPont.
    [0034] Suitable dianhydrides include aromatic dianhydrides and aromatic tetracarboxylicacid dianhydrides such as, for example, 9,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)xanthene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylicacid dianhydride, 2,2-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropanedianhydride, 2,2-bis((3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl)-hexafluoropropane dianhydride,4,4
    [0035] Exemplary diamines suitable for use in the preparation of the polyimide includearomatic diamines such as 4,4 -bis-(m-aminophenoxy)-biphenyl, 4,4 -bis-(m-aminophenoxy)-diphenylsulfide, 4,4 -bis-(m-aminophenoxy)-diphenyl sulfone, 4,4 -bis-(p-aminophenoxy)-benzophenone,4,4 -bis-(p-aminophenoxy)-diphenyl sulfide, 4,4 -bis(p-aminophenoxy)-diphenylsulfone, 4,4 -diamino-azobenzene, 4,4 -diaminobiphenyl,4,4 -diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4 -diamino-p-terphenyl, 1,3,-bis-(gamma-aminopropyl)-tetramethyl-disiloxane,1,6-diaminohexane, 4,4 -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3 -diaminodiphenylmethane,1,3,-diaminobenzene, 4,4 -diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,4 -diaminodiphenylether,3,3 -diaminodiphenylether, 3,4 -diaminodiphenylether, 1,4-diaminobenzene,4,4 -diamino-2,2 ,3,3 ,5,5 ,6,6 -octafluoro-biphenyl, 4,4 -diamino-2,2 ,3,3 ,5,5 ,6,6 -octafluorodiphenylether, bis [4-(3-aminophenoxy)-phenyl] sulfide, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone, bis [4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ketone, 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2-bis [4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis [4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane,4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,1-di(p-aminophenyl)ethane,2,2-di(p-aminophenyl)propane, and 2,2-di(p-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane.
    [0036] The dianhydrides and diamines are preferably used in a weight ratio ofdianhydride to diamine of from about 20:80 to about 80:20, and preferably about 50:50weight ratio. The above aromatic dianhydride (preferably aromatic tetracarboxylic aciddianhydride) and diamine (preferably aromatic diamine) are used singly or as a mixture,respectively. The polyimide can be prepared from the dianhydride and diamine byknown methods. For example, the dianhydride and the diamine can be suspended ordissolved in an organic solvent as a mixture or separately and can be reacted to formthe polyamic acid, which is thermally or chemically dehydrated and the product isseparated and purified. The polyimide is heat-melted with a known extruder, deliveredin the form of a film from a die having a slit nozzle, and a static charge is applied to thefilm, the film is cooled and solidified with a cooling roller having a surface temperature inthe range of glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer (Tg) - 50° to (Tg) - 15° C,transmitted under tension without bringing the film into contact with rollers while furthercooling to the room temperature, and wound up or transferred to a further step.
    [0037] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluorinated carbon is added to apolyimide prepolymer, such as polyamic acid, in solution, and subsequently formed intoa layer, sheet, film, or the like. The prepolymer/fluorinated carbon solution can then beprocessed by known procedures such as roll and/or ball milling, drying and curing.Processes for preparing polyimide/fluorinated carbon solutions from polyimideprepolymers are disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,591,285 and 5,571,852. The disclosures ofeach of these Patents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
    [0038] As a preferred procedure for generating the polyimide substrates, the polyamicacid solutions (or prepolymer solutions) can be prepared by reacting a diamine, such asoxydianiline, with a tetracarboxylic acid dianydride, such as hydromellitic dianhydride orbenzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in a solvent, such as N-methylpyrrolidine(NMP) or N,N-dimethylacetamide in a dry inert atmosphere. The mixture is usuallystirred overnight (about 8 hours) or heated to reflux if required to form the polyamic acidsolution. The solid content ranges from about 10 to about 20% by weight. The fluorinated carbon is then added. A paint shaker or roll mill can be used to aid in thedispersion process. The substrates can be prepared by first making a film from thefluorinated carbon/polyamic acid dispersion followed by curing the film to fully imidize theprecursor polymer. Processes used to coat the film are well-known in the art andinclude spin-casting, solution coating, extrusion, hot-mold, and other known methods.The coated films can be heated at 100°C for about 1 to about 2 hours to remove thesolvent, and then cured at 200°C for about 2 to 3 hours. The films can then be imidizedat 350°C for about 1 to 2 hours. The polyimide/fluorinated carbon films can then beformed into a layer or an endless seamless belt.
    [0039] There are other polyimides which may be prepared as fully imidized polymerswhich do not contain any "amic" acid and do not require high temperature cure toconvert them to the imide form. A typical polyimide of this type may be prepared byreacting di-(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)-ether dianhydride with 5-amino-1-(p-aminophenyl)-1,3.3-trimethylindane.This polymer is available as Polyimide XU 218 sold by Ciba-GeigyCorporation, Ardsley, New York. Other fully imidized polyimides are availablefrom Lenzing, USA corporation in Dallas, Texas and are sold as Lenzing P 83 polyimideand by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, New York, New York sold as Larc-TPI. These fullyimidized polyimides are first dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide,dimethylpyrralidone, dimethylacetamide and then combined with the fluorinated carbonas discussed above to be formed into a layer, sheet, film or the like. Evaporation of thesolvent produces a film, sheet, or layer without high temperature exposure typicallyrequired for conversion of the amic acid to an imide polymer structure.
    [0040] The polyimide is present in the fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate in anamount of from about 50 to about 99 percent by weight of total solids, preferably fromabout 99 to about 60, and particularly preferred from about 95 to about 30 percent byweight of total solids. Total solids includes the total percentage by weight (equal to100%) of polyimide, fluorinated carbon, any additional fillers and any additives in thelayer.
    [0041] It is preferable that fluorinated carbon is dispersed in the polyimide layer.Fluorinated carbon, sometimes referred to as graphite fluoride or carbon fluoride, is asolid material resulting from the fluorination of carbon with elemental fluorine. Thenumber of fluorine atoms per carbon atom may vary depending on the fluorination conditions. The variable fluorine atom to carbon atom stoichiometry of fluorinated carbonpermits systemic, uniform variation of its electrical resistivity properties.
    [0042] Fluorinated carbon refers to a specific class of compositions which is prepared byreacting fluorine to one or more of the many forms of solid carbon. In addition, theamount of fluorine can be varied in order to produce a specific, desired resistivity.Fluorocarbons are either aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds wherein one or morefluorine atoms have been attached to one or more carbon atoms to form well definedcompounds with a single sharp melting point or boiling point. Fluoropolymers are linked-upsingle identical molecules which comprise long chains bound together by covalentbonds. Moreover, fluoroelastomers are a specific type of fluoropolymer. Thus, despitesome apparent confusion in the art, it is apparent that fluorinated carbon is neither afluorocarbon nor a fluoropolymer and the term is used in this context herein.
    [0043] The fluorinated carbon may include the fluorinated carbon materials as describedherein. The methods for preparation of fluorinated carbon are well known anddocumented in the literature, such as in the following U.S. Patents 2,786,874; 3,925,492;3,925,263; 3,872,032 and 4,247,608, the disclosures each of which are totallyincorporated by reference herein. Essentially, fluorinated carbon is produced by heatinga carbon source such as amorphous carbon, coke, charcoal, carbon black or graphitewith elemental fluorine at elevated temperatures, such as 150° - 600°C. A diluent suchas nitrogen is preferably admixed with the fluorine. The nature and properties of thefluorinated carbon vary with the particular carbon source, the conditions of reaction andwith the degree of fluorination obtained in the final product. The degree of fluorination inthe final product may be varied by changing the process reaction conditions, principallytemperature and time. Generally, the higher the temperature and the longer the time, thehigher the fluorine content.
    [0044] Fluorinated carbon of varying carbon sources and varying fluorine contents iscommercially available from several sources. Preferred carbon sources are carbonblack, crystalline graphite and petroleum coke. One form of fluorinated carbon which issuitable for use in accordance with the invention is polycarbon monofluoride which isusually written in the shorthand manner CFx with x representing the number of fluorineatoms and generally being up to about 1.5, preferably from about 0.01 to about 1.5, andparticularly preferred from about 0.04 to about 1.4. The formula CFx has a lamellarstructure composed of layers of fused six carbon rings with fluorine atoms attached to the carbons and lying above and below the plane of the carbon atoms. Preparation ofCFx type fluorinated carbon is described, for example, in above-mentioned U.S. Patents2,786,874 and 3,925,492, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference hereinin their entirety. Generally, formation of this type of fluorinated carbon involves reactingelemental carbon with F2 catalytically. This type of fluorinated carbon can be obtainedcommercially from many vendors, including Allied Signal, Morristown, New Jersey;Central Glass International, Inc., White Plains, New York; Diakin Industries, Inc., NewYork, New York; and Advance Research Chemicals, Inc., Catoosa, Oklahoma.
    [0045] Another form of fluorinated carbon which is suitable for use in accordance withthe invention is that which has been postulated by Nobuatsu Watanabe as poly(dicarbonmonofluoride) which is usually written in the shorthand manner (C2F)n. The preparationof (C2F)n type fluorinated carbon is described, for example, in above-mentioned U.S.Pat. No. 4,247,608, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety, and also in Watanabe et al., "Preparation of Poly(dicarbon monofluoride) fromPetroleum Coke", Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 55, 3197-3199 (1982), the disclosure ofwhich is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    [0046] In addition, preferred fluorinated carbons selected include those described inU.S. Patent 4,524,119 to Luly et al., the subject matter of which is hereby incorporatedby reference in its entirety, and those having the tradename ACCUFLUOR®,(ACCUFLUOR® is a registered trademark of Allied Signal, Morristown, New Jersey) forexample, ACCUFLUOR® 2028, ACCUFLUOR® 2065, ACCUFLUOR® 1000, andACCUFLUOR® 2010. ACCUFLUOR® 2028 and ACCUFLUOR® 2010 have 28 and 11percent fluorine content, respectively. ACCUFLUOR® 1000 and ACCUFLUOR® 2065have 62 and 65 percent fluorine content respectively. Also, ACCUFLUOR® 1000comprises carbon coke, whereas ACCUFLUOR® 2065, 2028 and 2010 all compriseconductive carbon black. These fluorinated carbons are of the formula CFx and areformed by the reaction of
    [0047] C + F2 = CFx .The following Table 1 illustrates some properties of four known fluorinatedcarbons.
    [0048] A major advantage of the invention is the capability to vary the fluorine content ofthe fluorinated carbon to permit systematic uniform variation of the resistivity propertiesof the polyimide layer. The preferred fluorine content will depend on, inter alia, theequipment used, equipment settings, desired resistivity, and the specific fluoroelastomerchosen. The fluorine content in the fluorinated carbon is from about 1 to about 70weight percent based on the weight of fluorinated carbon (carbon content of from about99 to about 30 weight percent), preferably from about 5 to about 65 (carbon content offrom about 95 to about 35 weight percent), and particularly preferred from about 10 toabout 30 weight percent (carbon content of from about 90 to about 70 weight percent).
    [0049] The median particle size of the fluorinated carbon can be less than about 1micron and up to about 10 microns, is preferably less than about 1 micron, preferablyfrom about 0.001 to about 1 microns, and particularly preferred from about 0.5 to 0.9micron. The surface area is preferably from about 100 to about 400 m2/g, preferred offrom about 110 to about 340, and particularly preferred from about 130 to about 170m2/g. The density of the fluorinated carbons is preferably from about 1.5 to about 3 g/cc,preferably from about 1.9 to about 2.7 g/cc.
    [0050] The amount of fluorinated carbon in the polyimide layer is preferably an amountto provide a surface resistivity of from about 104 to about 1014, and preferably from about106 to about 1012 ohms/sq. Preferably, the amount of fluorinated carbon is from about 1to about 50 percent by weight, preferably from about 1 to about 40 weight percent, andparticularly preferred from about 5 to about 30 weight percent based on the weight oftotal solids. Total solids as used herein refers to the amount of polyimide, fluorinatedcarbon, additives, and any other fillers.
    [0051] It is preferable to mix different types of fluorinated carbon to tune the mechanicaland electrical properties. It is desirable to use mixtures of different kinds of fluorinatedcarbon to achieve suitable resistivity while increasing the dimensional stability of thepolyimide substrate. Also, mixtures of different kinds of fluorinated carbon can providean unexpected wide formulation latitude and controlled and predictable resistivity. Forexample, an amount of from about 0 to about 40 percent, preferably from about 1 toabout 40, and particularly preferred of from about 5 to about 35 percent by weight ofACCUFLUOR® 2010 can be mixed with an amount of from about 0 to about 40 percent,preferably from about 1 to about 40, and particularly preferred from about 5 to about 35percent ACCUFLUOR® 2028, and even more particularly preferred from about 8 toabout 25 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2028. Other forms of fluorinated carbon can also bemixed. Another example is an amount of from about 0 to about 40 percentACCUFLUOR® 1000, and preferably from about 1 to about 40 percent, and particularlypreferred from about 5 to about 35 percent, mixed with an amount of from about 0 toabout 40 percent, preferably from about 1 to about 40, and particularly preferred fromabout 1 to about 35 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2065. All other combinations of mixing thedifferent forms of ACCUFLUOR® are possible. A preferred mixture is from about 0 toabout 15 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2028 mixed with from about 2 to about 3.5 percentACCUFLUOR® 2010. Another preferred mixture is from about 0.5 to about 10 percentACCUFLUOR® 2028 mixed with from about 2.0 to about 3.0 percent ACCUFLUOR®2010. A particularly preferred mixture contains from about 1 to about 3 percentACCUFLUOR® 2028 mixed with from about 2.5 to about 3 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2010,and even more preferred contains a mixture of about 3 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2010and about 2 percent ACCUFLUOR® 2028. All the above percentages are by weight ofthe total solids.
    [0052] The tensile strength of the fluorinated carbon filled substrate is from about 10,000to about 50,000 PSI, and preferably from about 10,000 to about 25,000 PSI. The tensilemodulus is from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000 PSI, and preferably from about200,000 to about 1,500,000 PSI. The thickness of the substrate is from about 1 to about10 mil, preferably from about 2 to about 5 mil.
    [0053] The intermediate transfer member employed for the present invention can be ofany suitable configuration. Examples of suitable configurations include a sheet, a film, aweb, a foil, a strip, a coil, a cylinder, a drum, an endless strip, a circular disc, a beltincluding an endless belt, an endless seamed flexible belt, an endless seamless flexiblebelt, an endless belt having a puzzle cut seam, and the like. It is preferred that thesubstrate be an endless seamed flexible belt or seamed flexible belt, which may or maynot include puzzle cut seams. Examples of such belts are described in U.S. PatentNumbers 5,487,707; 5,514,436; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/297,203 filedAugust 29, 1994, the disclosures each of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety. A method for manufacturing reinforced seamless belts is set forth in U.S.Patent 5,409,557, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. The circumference of the component in a film or belt configuration of from 1 to3 or more layers, is from about 8 to about 60 inches, preferably from about 10 to about50 inches, and particularly preferred from about 15 to about 35 inches. The width of thefilm or belt is from about 8 to about 40 inches, preferably from about 10 to about 36inches, and particularly preferred from about 10 to about 24 inches.
    [0054] In a preferred two-layer configuration as depicted in Figure 4, the outerconformable layer 32 is positioned on the fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate.The outer layer 32 has a thickness of from about 1 to about 10 mil, preferably from about2 to about 5 mil. The hardness of the conformable outer layer is from about 30 to about80 Shore A, and preferably from about 35 to about 75 Shore A.
    [0055] Examples of suitable conformable layers herein include polymers such asfluoropolymers. Preferred are fluoroelastomers. Specifically, suitable fluoroelastomersare those described in detail in U.S. Patents 5,166,031, 5,281,506, 5,366,772 and5,370,931, together with U.S. Patents 4,257,699, 5,017,432 and 5,061,965, thedisclosures each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Asdescribed therein these fluoroelastomers, particularly from the class of copolymers andterpolymers of vinylidenefluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, are known commercially under various designations as VITON® A, VITON® E, VITON®E60C, VITON® E430, VITON® 910, VITON® GH, VITON® B50, VITON® E45, andVITON® GF. The VITON® designation is a Trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc.Other commercially available materials include FLUOREL® 2170, FLUOREL® 2174,FLUOREL® 2176; FLUOREL® 2177 and FLUOREL® LVS 76 FLUOREL® being aTrademark of 3M Company. Additional commercially available materials includeAFLAStm a poly(propylene-tetrafluoroethylene) and FLUOREL II® (LII900) apoly(propylene-tetrafluoroethylenevinylidenefluoride) both also available from 3MCompany, as well as the Tecnoflons identified as FOR-60KIR®, FOR-LHF®, NM® FOR-THF®,FOR-TFS®, TH®, TN505® available from Montedison Specialty ChemicalCompany. In another preferred embodiment, the fluoroelastomer is one having arelatively low quantity of vinylidenefluoride, such as in VITON® GF, available from E.I.DuPont de Nemours, Inc. The VITON® GF has 35 mole percent of vinylidenefluoride, 34mole percent of hexafluoropropylene and 29 mole percent of tetrafluoroethylene with 2percent cure site monomer. The cure site monomer can be 4-bromoperfluorobutene-1,1,1-dihydro-4-bromoperfluorobutene-1, 3-bromoperfluoropropene-1, 1,1-dihydro-3-bromoperfluoropropene-1,or any other suitable, known cure site monomer commerciallyavailable from DuPont or any other manufacturer.
    [0056] Examples of fluoroelastomers suitable for use herein for the conformable layersinclude elastomers of the above type, along with volume grafted elastomers. Volumegrafted elastomers are a special form of hydrofluoroelastomer and are substantiallyuniform integral interpenetrating networks of a hybrid composition of a fluoroelastomerand a polyorganosiloxane, the volume graft having been formed by dehydrofluorinationof fluoroelastomer by a nucleophilic dehydrofluorinating agent, followed by additionpolymerization by the addition of an alkene or alkyne functionally terminatedpolyorganosiloxane and a polymerization initiator. Examples of specific volume graftelastomers are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,166,031; U.S. Patent 5,281,506; U.S. Patent5,366,772; and U.S. Patent 5,370,931, the disclosures each of which are hereinincorporated by reference in their entirety.
    [0057] Volume graft, in embodiments, refers to a substantially uniform integralinterpenetrating network of a hybrid composition, wherein both the structure and thecomposition of the fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane are substantially uniform when taken through different slices of the intermediate transfer member. A volumegrafted elastomer is a hybrid composition of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxaneformed by dehydrofluorination of fluoroelastomer by nucleophilic dehydrofluorinatingagent followed by addition polymerization by the addition of alkene or alkyne functionallyterminated polyorganosiloxane.
    [0058] Interpenetrating network, in embodiments, refers to the addition polymerizationmatrix where the fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane polymer strands areintertwined in one another.
    [0059] Hybrid composition, in embodiments, refers to a volume grafted compositionwhich is comprised of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane blocks randomlyarranged.
    [0060] Generally, the volume grafting according to the present invention is performed intwo steps, the first involves the dehydrofluorination of the fluoroelastomer preferablyusing an amine. During this step, hydrofluoric acid is eliminated which generatesunsaturation, carbon to carbon double bonds, on the fluoroelastomer. The second stepis the free radical peroxide induced addition polymerization of the alkene or alkyneterminated polyorganosiloxane with the carbon to carbon double bonds of thefluoroelastomer. In embodiments, copper oxide can be added to a solution containingthe graft copolymer. The dispersion is then provided onto the intermediate transfermember or conductive film surface.
    [0061] In embodiments, the polyorganosiloxane having functionality according to thepresent invention has the formula:
    [0062] In preferred embodiments, R is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, wherein the alkyl hasfrom about 1 to about 24 carbons, preferably from about 1 to about 12 carbons; thealkenyl has from about 2 to about 24 carbons, preferably from about 2 to about 12carbons; and the aryl has from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about6 to about 18 carbons. R may be a substituted aryl group, wherein the aryl may besubstituted with an amino, hydroxy, mercapto or substituted with an alkyl having forexample from about 1 to about 24 carbons and preferably from 1 to about 12 carbons,or substituted with an alkenyl having for example from about 2 to about 24 carbons andpreferably from about 2 to about 12 carbons. In a preferred embodiment, R isindependently selected from methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. The functional group A can bean alkene or alkyne group having from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably fromabout 2 to about 4 carbons, optionally substituted with an alkyl having for example fromabout 1 to about 12 carbons, and preferably from about 1 to about 12 carbons, or anaryl group having for example from about 6 to about 24 carbons, and preferably fromabout 6 to about 18 carbons. Functional group A can also be mono-, di-, ortrialkoxysilane having from about 1 to about 10 and preferably from about 1 to about 6carbons in each alkoxy group, hydroxy, or halogen. Preferred alkoxy groups includemethoxy, ethoxy, and the like. Preferred halogens include chlorine, bromine andfluorine. A may also be an alkyne of from about 2 to about 8 carbons, optionallysubstituted with an alkyl of from about 1 to about 24 carbons or aryl of from about 6 toabout 24 carbons. The group n is from about 2 to about 400, and in embodiments fromabout 2 to about 350, and preferably from about 5 to about 100. Furthermore, in apreferred embodiment n is from about 60 to about 80 to provide a sufficient number ofreactive groups to graft onto the fluoroelastomer. In the above formula, typical R groupsinclude methyl, ethyl, propyl, octyl, vinyl, allylic crotnyl, phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthryl,and typical substituted aryl groups are substituted in the ortho, meta and para positionswith lower alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms. Typical alkeneand alkenyl functional groups include vinyl, acrylic, crotonic and acetenyl which maytypically be substituted with methyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, tolyl groups, and the like.
    [0063] The amount of fluoroelastomer used to provide the conformable layers of thepresent invention is dependent on the amount necessary to form the desired thickness of the layer or layers. Specifically, the fluoroelastomer for the outer layer is added in anamount of from about 60 to about 99 percent, preferably about 70 to about 99 percentby weight of total solids. Total solids herein means the amount of fluoroelastomer, fillers,and any additional additives.
    [0064] Preferably, the conformable layer contains a filler such as carbon black, graphite,fluorinated carbon as described herein, a metal powder, a metal oxide such as tin oxide,or a mixture thereof. Preferred fillers include fluorinated carbons as described herein.
    [0065] In another preferred embodiment, the intermediate transfer belt is in the form of athree layer configuration as shown in Figure 5. The outer toner release layer 33 ispositioned on the intermediate conformable layer 32, which is positioned on thepolyimide substrate. The polyimide substrate is as defined above, and the conformablelayer is as defined above.
    [0066] This outer layer is preferably thin, having a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 5mils, and preferably from about 0.2 to about 2 mils. The hardness of the outer releaselayer is preferably from about 30 to about 80 Shore A, and preferably from about 35 toabout 65 Shore A. The outer release layer is made of a known material suitable forrelease such as, for example, a silicone rubber. Specific examples of silicone rubbersuseful herein include Silicone 552 available from Sampson Coating, Inc. Richmond,Virginia; Eccosil 4952D available from Emerson Cuming, Inc., Burn, Massachusetts;Dow Corning DC-437 Silicone available from Dow Corning, Midland, Michigan, and anyother suitable commercially available silicone material. Preferably, the outer layer doesnot include a filler. The three layer configuration works very well with liquid developmentand is the preferred configuration of the present invention.
    [0067] Optional intermediate adhesive layers and/or polymer layers may be applied toachieve desired properties and performance objectives of the present conductive film.An adhesive intermediate layer may be selected from, for example, epoxy resins andpolysiloxanes. Preferred adhesives are proprietary materials such as THIXON 403/404,Union Carbide A-1100, Dow TACTIX 740, Dow TACTIX 741, and Dow TACTIX 742. Aparticularly preferred curative for the aforementioned adhesives is Dow H41.
    [0068] In the two layer configuration, there may be provided an adhesive layer betweenthe polyimide substrate and the outer fluoropolymer layer. In the three layerconfiguration, there may also be an adhesive layer between the intermediate conductive fluoropolymer layer and the outer silicone layer, and/or between the intermediatefluoroelastomer layer and the polyimide substrate.
    [0069] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail. Theseexamples are intended to be illustrative, and the invention is not limited to the materials,conditions, or process parameters set forth in these embodiments. All parts arepercentages by weight of total solids unless otherwise indicated. EXAMPLESExample 1
    [0070] Prototype resistive fluorinated polyimide layers containing fluorinated carbonACCUFLUOR® 2028 were prepared in the following manner. About 0.8 grams ofACCUFLUOR® 2028 was dispersed ultrasonically in 10 grams of N-methylpyrrolidine(NMP) for about 10 minutes. This dispersion was then combined with 50 grams of apolyamic acid solution (PI-2566, 16.9% solid content, from E.I. DuPont) inside a 4ounce bottle and the mixture was homogenized on a paint shaker for approximately 45minutes. A prototype fluorinated polyimide resistive layer was then coated by coatingthe above dispersion onto a KAPTON® substrate on a Gardner Laboratory Coater witha 0.01 mil draw bar. The coated layer was then dried at 80°C for approximately 1 hour,and cured at 235°C for about 3 to 4 hours and at approximately 350°C for about 0.5hours, resulting in a 1 mil thick fluorinated polyimide layer. The fluorinated carbonloading in the layer was determined to be about 8.6%.
    [0071] The surface resistivity of the fluorinated polyimide layer was measured by aXerox Corporation testing apparatus consisting of a power supply (Trek 601C Coratrol),a Keithy electrometer (model 610B) and a two point conformable guarded electrodeprobe (15 mm spacing between the two electrodes). The field applied for themeasurement was 1500 V/cm and the measured current was converted to surfaceresistivity based on the geometry of the probe. The surface resistivity of the layer wasdetermined to be about 1.7 x 1011 ohm/sq.
    [0072] The volume resistivity of the layer was determined by the standard ACconductivity technique. In this case the layer was coated onto a stainless steelsubstrate. An evaporated aluminum thin film (300 Å) was used as the counterelectrode. The volume resistivity was found to be approximately 5 x 109 ohm-cm at anelectric field of 1500 V/cm. Surprisingly, the resistivity was found to be substantially insensitive to changes in temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 150°C, tochanges in relative humidity in the range of about 20% to about 80%, and to theintensity of applied electric field (up to 5,000 V/cm). Furthermore, no hysteresis(memory) effect was seen after the layer was cycled to higher electric fields (>104V/cm). Example 2
    [0073] A number of fluorinated polyimide resistive layers were prepared using theabove procedure. Varying resistives were obtained by changing the concentration ofthe ACCUFLUOR® loading. The results are shown in Table 2 below. ACCUFLUOR® 2028 Surface Resistivity (Ohm/sq) Volume Resistivity (ohm-cm)7.6% ∼1 x 1015 ∼8 x 10149.1% ∼3.8 x 10109.6% ∼8.2 x 108 ∼9 x 10610.6% ∼7.6 x 107 ∼3 x 105 Example 3
    [0074] A number of polyimide resistive layers were prepared and evaluated using theabove procedure with the exception that polyamic acid solution PI2808 was used inplace of PI2566. The surface resistivity results are shown in Table 3 below. ACCUFLUOR® 2028 Surface Resistivity (ohm/sq)8.5% ∼1 x 1014∼9% ∼6.4 x 101211% ∼1.5 x 10912% ∼2.0 x 10613% ∼2.5 x 10615% ∼2 x 106 Example 4
    [0075] An intermediate transfer belt comprising a fluorinated carbon filled polyimidelayer can be fabricated in the following manner. A coating dispersion containingACCUFLUOR® 2028 and polyimide in a weight ratio of about 1 to about 10 can beprepared according to the procedures outlined in Example 3. An approximately 3 ml,thick ACCUFLUOR®/polyimide resistive layer can be prepared by spin casting thedispersion on a roll substrate. The resistive layer, after cured as described in Example1, is estimated to have a surface resistivity of approximately 6 x 1012 ohm/sq. Example 5
    [0076] A two-layer intermediate transfer belt comprising a conformable resistive layerand a resistive layer of Example 4 was prepared according to the procedure outlinedbelow.
    [0077] First, a coating dispersion comprising ACCUFLUOR® 2028, ACCUFLUOR®2010 and VITON® GF in a weight ratio of 2:3:95 was prepared. The coating dispersionwas prepared by first adding a solvent (200 grams of methyl ethyl ketone), a steel shot(2,300 grams), 0.95 grams ACCUFLUOR® 2028 and 1.42 grams ACCUFLUOR® 2010in a small bench top attritor (model 01A). The mixture was stirred for about one minuteso as to wet the fluorinated carbon. A polymer binder, VITON® GF (45 grams) was thenadded and the resulting mixture was attrited for 30 minutes. A curative package (2.25grams VC-50, 0.9 grams Maglite-D and 0.2 grams Ca(OH)2) and a stabilizing solvent(10 grams methanol) were then introduced and the resulting mixture was further mixedfor another 15 minutes. After filtering the steel shot through a wire screen, the dispersion was collected in a polypropylene bottle. The resulting dispersion was thencoated onto KAPTON® substrates within about 2 to 4 hours using a Gardner LaboratoryCoater. The coated layers were air-dried for approximately two hours and then stepheat cured in a programmable oven. The heating sequence was as follows: (1) 65°Cfor 4 hours, (2) 93°C for 2 hours, (3) 144°C for 2 hours, (4) 177°C 2 hours, (5) 204°C for2 hours, and (6) 232°C for 16 hours. This resulted in a VITON® GF layer containing30% by weight ACCUFLUOR® 2028. The dry thickness of the layers was determined tobe approximately 3 mil (about 75 µm). The hardness of this layer was estimated to beabout 65 Shore A and the surface resistivity was about 1 x 1010 ohm/sq. Example 6
    [0078] A multilayer intermediate transfer belt consisting of an ACCUFLUOR®/polyimidesubstrate, an ACCUFLUOR®/VITON® resistive conformable layer and a silicone outerlayer can be prepared by flow-coating a silicone layer (0.5 mil) onto the belt prepared inExample 5. After coating, the silicone layer can be dried and the entire layeredstructure can be step heat cured at 120°C for 3 hours, 177°C for 4 hours and finally,232°C for 2 hours. The multilayer intermediate transfer belts can be particularly suitablefor application in liquid xerography.
    [0079] While the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific andpreferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various modifications and variationswill be apparent to the artisan. All such modifications and embodiments as may occurto one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1] An intermediate transfer member comprising a fluorinated carbon filledpolyimide substrate.
    [2] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with claim 1, whereinsaid fluorinated carbon is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 50 percent byweight based on the weight of total solids.
    [3] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with claim 1 or 2,wherein said fluorinated carbon has a fluorine content of from about 1 to about 70 weightpercent based on the weight of fluorinated carbon, and a carbon content of from about99 to about 30 weight percent based on the weight of fluorinated carbon.
    [4] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with any one of claims 1to 3, wherein said fluorinated carbon is selected from the group consisting of afluorinated carbon having a fluorine content of about 62 weight percent, a fluorinatedcarbon having a fluorine content of about 11 weight percent, a fluorinated carbon havinga fluorine content of about 28 weight percent, and a fluorinated carbon having a fluorinecontent of about 65 weight percent based on the weight of fluorinated carbon.
    [5] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with any one of claims 1to 4, wherein the fluorinated carbon is of the formula CFx, wherein x represents thenumber of fluorine atoms and is a number of from about 0.01 to about 1.5.
    [6] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with any one of claims 1to 5, further comprising a conformable layer positioned on said fluorinated carbon filledsubstrate.
    [7] The intermediate transfer member in accordance with claim 6, furthercomprising an outer release layer positioned on said conformable layer.
    [8] The intermediate transfer member is accordance with claim 7, whereinsaid release layer has a thickness of from about 1 to about 10 mil.
    [9] An intermediate transfer belt for transferring a liquid image having at leasta liquid carrier with toner particles dispersed therein from a member to a substrate,comprising a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide substrate, and having thereon afluoroelastomer intermediate layer, and positioned thereon an outer silicone rubberrelease layer.
    [10] An apparatus for forming images on a recording medium comprising:
    a charge-retentive surface to receive an electrostatic latent image thereon;
    a development component to apply toner to said charge-retentive surface todevelop said electrostatic latent image and to form a developed image on said chargeretentive surface;
    an intermediate transfer member to transfer the developed image from saidcharge retentive surface to a substrate, wherein said intermediate transfer membercomprises a fluorinated carbon filled polyimide layer; anda fixing component.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JPH11119560A|1999-04-30|
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    US921133||1997-08-29||
    US08/921,133|US6397034B1|1997-08-29|1997-08-29|Fluorinated carbon filled polyimide intermediate transfer components|
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